Chapter Notes free essay sample

Eloquence prized in ancient India Africa and china, Aztec etc * Classic Greece and Rome apart of civil life * Aristotle rhetoric composed during the 3rd century Bcc still condensed most Important work on Its subject- principals are followed by speakers today ; Roman leader Cicero used speeches to defend liberty * Objective apply methods and strategies to cheese Similarities between public speaking and conversation 1.Organizing thoughts logically 2. Tailoring message to audience 3. Telling a story for maximum impact 4. Adapting to listener feedback Differences between public speaking and conversation * Public speaking Is more highly structured- Imposes strict time limitations and no questions or commentary. Speaker must anticipate questions and answer them.More detailed planning and prep than ordinary conversation Public speaking requires more formal language- listeners react negatively who do not elevate and polish their language * Public speaking requires different method of devilry Developing Confidence * Stage fright- anxiety over the prospect f giving a speech In front of an audience Adrenaline- hormone released into bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress * Positive nervousness-controlled nervousness that helps energize speaker for her or his presentation Dealing with nervousness: 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquire speaking experience 2. Prepare a. Pick speech topics you care about b. Rule of thumb each minute of speaking time requires one or two hours of OFF c. Confidence 4. Power of visualization d. Visualization- mental imaging in which a speaker vividly picture shimmies or herself giving a successful presentation e. Think you will do well and you will . Know most nervousness is onto visible 6. Dont expect perfection f. TAKE SLOW DEEP BREATHES g. REST h. Tighten and relax leg muscles I. Work hard on intro J. Make eye contact k.Use visual aids Public Speaking and Critical Thinking * Critical thinking- focused organized thinking about things as the logical relationships among ideas soundness of evidence and differences between fact and opinion * Organizing speech important part of shaping ideas themselves Speech Communication Process * Speaker- person who is presenting an oral message too listener * Success of beaker depends on you- credibility, knowledge, prep, manner of speaking etc * Message- whatever a speaker communicates to someone else * Goal of public speaking is to have your intended message to be the message that is actually communicated * What you say and how you say it * Channel- means by which a message is communicated * Listener- person who receives the speakers message * Fame of reference- sum of a persons knowledge experience goals values and attitudes. Not two people can have exactly the same frame of reference * To b e an effective speaker you must be audience centered- * Feedback- messages usually nonverbal sent from a listener to a shearer * Two way communicator * Interference-anything that impedes communication of a message. Chapter Notes free essay sample Colonies a protected market for low price consumer goods Sugar Act- raise tax on molasses; Woolen Act- banned export of American wool products; Hat Act- hats cant be traded with other colonies; Stamp Act- tax on paper reduces Champagne Charley Townsend -? Townsend acts -? tax on glass, paper, tea, etc. Committees of Correspondence formed by Samuel Adams resistance spread through propaganda BEES was going out of business, so parliament made their prices super low (with a hidden tax); angered colonists Boston Tea Parry mostly merchants with onlookers Intolerable (Coercive) Acts passed in retaliation: Boston Port act closed port until tea paid for; Quartering Act British troops lodged everywhere; Quebec Act took away Canadas rep. Assembly, extended borders to below GreatLakes region, made Catholicism the religion; Admit of Justice Act English officials accused of murdering colon sits while enforcing royal stuff tried in England; Gob. Act no more assembly 1 SST Continental Congress meets b/c this; 12/13 colonies represented; The Continental Association formed boycott on all British goods; Suffolk Resolves said Mass. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Didnt follow Into. Acts, put Mass. In a state of rebellion (according to British), provisional gob. For Mass. W/ tax, defensive measures taken Created loyalists, patriots, fence ridersCommittees would burn British imports and make the merchant publicly apologize The King ordered General Gage to quell the Rude Rabble by arresting John H and Samuel A England denies repeals made by the ICC , and sends troops to capture Sam Adams, John Hancock, and gunpowder Lexington and concord 700 B troops, 70 MM -8 MM killed, 1 B killed 8 troops continue to Concord, but its empty of people, so they go back to Boston on the return march, colonists shot from hidden areas 273 B casualties, 92 MM casualties Colonies began besieging BostonAfrican Americans took Englands side more John Riley (a soldier) was jailed for hitting a local butcher (riot formed when 20 friends tried to help him) Boston Massacre Soldier who hit a kid was tried, John Adams defended him, found not guilty 100+ men burn a British schooner the Gasped Affair -? commander wounded Gasped was used to enforce the Sugar Act King sends commissi oner to find the bad people and try them in England for treason people scared it threatened constitutional rights Marquis De Lafayette was a major general in the colonial army (theFrench gamecock) No gun factories existed in the colonies, so the France alliance greatly helped them out Valley Forge the rebels went 3 days without food; there were also shortages in manufactured items, like clothing and shoes Some rebels werent ready to fight, so drillmasters got 7-8,000 ready The 2nd continental congress put George Washington in charge of the army in Boston Colonists were stating their loyalty to the King while taking defensive (and offensive) actions against the British Under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, British garrisons were captured at Ticonderoga and CrownPoint Colonists seized Bunker (Breeds) Hill Olive Branch Petition American loyalty to the King, asked king to stop attacking rejected German Hessians hired by England more into booty than duty British burnt places (Falmo uth and Norfolk), colonists attacked Canada Thomas Paine Common Sense said they should get independence T Paine said there should be republicanism, where power came from people Richard Henry Lees declaring independence statement was passed July 2; TX wrote DCE. Of mind. Approved July 4, 1776 Loyalists -? Tories (a thing whose dead is in England, and its body in America, and its neck ought to be stretched); Patriots Whig Loyalists strongest where the Anglican church was the strongest; least numerous in EN Patriots numerous-est. where Presbyterianism and Congregationalism were Loyalists treated really badly after DCE of Mind, and most fled Washington greatly outnumbered at Battle of Long Island escaped to Manhattan Island General William Howe didnt really try to go after them, and Washington captured k Hessians George Washington was defeated at Brandywine Creek and Germantown by Howe;