Where do the Modern-Day Liberal Arts Originate - 842 Words

The question is often asked: where do the modern day â€Å"liberal arts† come from? The liberal arts system originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, and was born in from certain questions queried by the unique philosophy evolved in Grecian culture. Questions of the human soul were raised: What is the good life? Is ethical truth relative to the culture from which it comes? Do people have free will? What is it for one event to cause another? Why are liberty and democracy important? What constitutes life? What is knowledge? This search for absolute and objective truth within the world led to the search for our place within the world. This unprecedented philosophical undertaking is today associated with the likes of Epicurus, Socrates, Euclid, and Aristotle. Over time, these seeded questions blossomed into a structured form of inquiry. At the height of Greek philosophy in the fourth century B.C.E., scholars, teachers, and thinkers desired to establish a structured curricul um of subjects. This system of learning, teaching, and thinking was to prepare students for studies which were believed that every thinking person should have. From these aims came what was called the enkyklios paideia, or the â€Å"general education.† It is from this Greek effort that we are today given â€Å"encyclopedia† (Encyclopedia). Marcus Terentius Varro, a first century B.C.E. Roman scholar and writer, organized the steadily budding liberal arts into nine disciplines and introduced it to Rome (Biography).Show MoreRelatedSexuality : A Diverse Population Of People And Cultures1507 Words   |  7 Pagescentury. Historically, sexuality was kept extremely private and it was not orthodox to speak of sexual encounters, sodomy being especially taboo. 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Revolutions originate from a convergenceRead MoreEssay on John Lockes Lasting Impact on Society1840 Words   |  8 Pagesas well as limits of governments and churches in terms of liberty and natural rights. In a time where exposure of such controversial ideas would jeopardize the w ell-being of an author, it is no wonder that Locke postponed the publishing of his writings until after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. However, what impact did Locke’s ideas have in philosophy? Education? Economics? Politics? And what impact do Locke’s ideas have today? These questions represent only a fraction of a possible in-depth explorationRead MoreA Study on Colombia2698 Words   |  11 Pagesto their regional heritage, physical appearance and social economic status. This emanates from the colonial period where a society was based on the hierarchy with the Spaniards being on the upper echelon enjoying the wealth and power. 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This article is writtenRead More Changes in Art History with Emphasis on the Mid-Twentieth Century3760 Words   |  16 PagesChanges in Art History with Emphasis on the Mid-Twentieth Century Art during the mid-twentieth century contained some of the most important changes art history. These explosive times were counter-balanced with explosive popular culture. More historical events, abrupt changes, and turbulence occurred from the end of World War II until the height of the Vietnam War than in any time period. Before this time, styles of art had lasted generations. In the 1960’s numerous important art movements wereRead MoreDoes Film Play An Important Role On The Way People Understand Religious Concepts?3925 Words   |  16 Pagesan important role in film, but does film play an important role in religion? Perhaps the better question is, â€Å"Does film play an important role in the way people understand religious concepts? And the answer to these questions is YES. Films or movies do play an important role in shaping the mind sets of people in a certain way. There are various traditions and beliefs that have been followed by Hindu Indians since ancient times. Also, many movies are made based on these customs and traditions whichRead MoreGender Equality Is A Key Tool For Proceeding Development And Dropping Down The Level Of Povert y3131 Words   |  13 Pagesto actions that are related to ked bearing are more usually shared where conceivable, and the part of child education is not as extensively considered to be a wholly female part. In some situations it is ensured that a wife be allowed to follow her career after wedding and following maternity issues. Another appearance of the alteration in social boldness is the weird taking by a female of her husband’s surname on her wedding day. Policy Development for Sexual Harassment There have been many lawfulRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesScience/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. 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Helping Others free essay sample

The reasons supporting yes outweigh the opposing answer by a landslide. One reason many would help is because it simply saves lives. For example, proof of this observation can be clearly seen in the Joseph Kony case. In November of 2008, the U. S. sent out troops to capture Kony. This action, in turn, led to the fleeing of Kony and the rescuing of hundreds of children. Without the Americans help, Kony would not have fled and those hundreds of children would not have been saved. The saving of hundreds of lives clearly displays how the assistance of others is crucial. This support saved lives. Another example of how helping others can save lives can be seen in any young child today. PBS ran tests in 2009 to see if helping others was in our genes. They tested this by taking children around the age of two and creating scenes where it seemed sensible to help whoever that child had met that was in need of help. We will write a custom essay sample on Helping Others or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a particular test, a man had dropped a clothespin on another side of a wall where it had become unreachable to him. Instinctively, the child jumped to his feet, seeming eager to help the man by picking up the clothespin and handing it to him. This test suggests altruistic motivation that can be traced back to our ancestors. This impulse to help others during ancient times was used in hope to increase the chances of that being living. A final example supporting how helping others can save lives can be seen whenever you turn on your local news channel. Constantly, news media is highlighting stories of heroes; anyone who stepped in to save the lives of strangers. This is a perfect example on how helping saves lives. This shows how even the littlest things can make an immense difference. By just making a simple phone call, whether it is the president ordering troops to clear out a town in danger, or a regular joe calling 911. In conclusion, near or far, looking out for others helps everyone in the long run. Another reason why many would support others who are short handed is because they feel they have a moral obligation to do so. One reason others feel scared to assist those in need is because they feel we sometimes do not have a complete understanding of what we are trying to fix.

A Raisin In The Sun Essay Introduction Example For Students

A Raisin In The Sun Essay Introduction Analysis of the Character Walter in A Raisin in the SunEveryone in America wants to achieve some sort of financial success in his or her life. Sometimes living in a capitalistic society entices many to become too materialistic. Greed is the characteristic that many Americans then attain. This is all in pursuit of the American dream. For most Americans, this high status is very difficult to achieve. In Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun, she examines an African-American familys struggle to break out of the poverty that is preventing them from achieving some sort of financial stability, or the American Dream. It focuses on Walters attempt in making it, or being somebody. She also analyzes how race prejudice and economic insecurity affects a black mans role in his own family, his ability to provide, and his identity. What Hansberry is trying to illustrate is how Western civilization has conditioned society to have materialistic aspirations and how these ideals corrupt the black mans identity and his family. Many black men have to deal with a systematic racism that effects their role in society. The frustrations that a black man has to deal with can affect the family a great deal. For example, if Walter gets upset at work or has a bad day, he cant get irate with his boss and risk loosing his job; instead he takes it out on his wife Ruth. Also, the job that he holds can only provide so much to the family. Hes not even capable of providing his son Travis with some pocket change without becoming broke himself. What type of breadwinner can a black man be in America? Walter Younger is thirty-five years old and all he is, is a limousine driver. He is unhappy with his job and he desperately seeks for an opportunity to improve his family standing. He tells his mother how he feels about his job when she wouldnt give him the ten thousand dollars; I open and close car doors all day long. I drive a man around in his limousine and I say, Yes sir; no sir, very good sir; shall I take the Drive, sir? Mama, that aint no kind of job.. . that aint nothing at all. (Very quietly) Mama, I dont know if I can make you understand. (1222) Walter is not able to provide for his family by American standards, and as a result, his family lives in poverty. The poverty they experience is noticeable in their living arrangements. In the very beginning of the play we see how a family of five shares a one bedroom, dilapidated apartment, on Chicagos south side. Also, the Youngers only had use of a communal restroom that they shared with the other tenants. Living on the south side of Chicago doesnt exactly represent the American Dream that Walter so desperately wants to obtain. In this part of town there are no big yards or picket fences where most white American kids have while growing up. Here, on the south side of Chicago the son Travis is only exposed to the concavity of the inner city and the milieu of the projects.The predicament that Walter finds himself in motivates him to want to invest in a liquor store in order to grasp some type of financial freedom. He doesnt just want to have enough money to provide for his family, but he tells his mother, I want so many things(1222). He is obsessed with earning a lot of money. At the beginning of the play Walter is waiting for Mamas check from the insurance company as if it was his own, and Beneathea has to remind Walter that, that money belongs to Mama, Walter and its for her to decide how she wants to spend it. (1205) Here we see how Walter is brainwashed into Americas materialistic and greedy manner. Walter has been corrupted by society and unlike his sister Beneatha, he doesnt even have a desire to find his identity through his African heritage. .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .postImageUrl , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:hover , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:visited , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:active { border:0!important; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:active , .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8 .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud21f26d403f7c9fedcf079cefdbd67a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Endless Circle in William Faulkner's Barn Burn Essay He is searching for his identity with money. The story takes a drastic change when Mama says: What you never understood is that I aint

Poetry vs. Rap Essay Example For Students

Poetry vs. Rap Essay Similarities Between Rap and Poetry Poetry and rap have been around for many years and have been used to appeal to the senses of audience members of many different ages, races, cultures. Poetry and rap are similar in many unique ways. One may look upon poetry and rap as two deferent genres, however, rap can actually be classified as a form of modern day poetry. Rap often talks about different Ideas and subjects than most poems, however they hold similar formats to poetry and give a scalar emotional response to the audience. Poetry Is a type literary work that conveys experiences, Ideas or emotions through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices to evoke an emotional response. With the use of language, literary techniques such as meter, metaphor and rhyme a poet delivers his feelings and emotions. Poetry has a lot of freedom when it comes down to structure and style and every poet has their own style. The poet has the ability to use whatever structure of lines, rhyme scheme, alliteration and hey may change the wording certain words to FLT to their interest. Rap or hip hop music is a musical genre that became popular in the sasss that consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic speech that is chanted. Similar to poetry, rap is very unique and there are many artists with different styles. For example, Amines rap style is unique, it is usually very fast, violent and precise in its delivery. In contrast, Kenya Wests style is funny, catchy, and n some cases philosophical. In similarity, rappers have a lot of freedom when they rap a song and have the ability to change the wording, rhyme and sentence structure just like how poets have freedom in the style and use of literary techniques. In addition to freedom in style they also share similar literary techniques such as rhyme, meter, and alliteration. In rap, rappers flow are based on the literary techniques, creativity and delivery to the audience. Also, in both rap and poetry there s an emotional response on the audience based on their content and meaning. By the use of certain words poets and rappers have the ability to negatively or positively effect an audience. Poetry and rap were originated in two completely deferent eras and cultures. However, they hold very similar aspects and should be viewed the same. Rap often talks about different Ideas and subjects than most poems, however audience. Poetry vs.. Rap By Marshmallow @02660619 different genres, however, rap can actually be classified as a form of modern day otter. Rap often talks about different ideas and subjects than most poems, however they hold similar formats to poetry and give a similar emotional response to the audience. Poetry is a type literary work that conveys experiences, ideas or emotions they may change the wording certain words to fit to their interest. Rap or hip hop effect an audience.

The Benefits of Studying Hard With a DBQ Essay

The Benefits of Studying Hard With a DBQ EssayIf you are wondering if the sample DBQ Essay AP World War II (DBSE) Exam is good enough for you to go through, then you are in the right place. This article will be explaining the benefits of studying hard with a DBQ Essay for you to understand.First of all, let me just say that the sample AP exam from DBQ is really great. It was designed by people who worked hard in developing this test so it should be able to help you when you finally try to take your exams.The sample DBQ Essay, as I mentioned before, is intended to help you study hard so that you can pass your classes. However, you should not be too much focused on whether or not the study guide you're using is actually good.Instead, you should be focusing on studying subject matter that is really important in school. For example, if you want to be successful in business management, then you should focus on business management topics. And when you are studying business management topic s, you should focus on those that can be used in college courses.After reading the above, you may be thinking that studying hard with a DBQ Essay is going to be difficult, but the truth is that this is not the case. The reason why I said that is because you don't have to spend a lot of time on studying, it's actually quite quick and easy.When you work hard with it, you will only be getting better at learning new things and getting better at subjects that you studied in school. And when you get better, you'll also be able to get better grades in college classes.The whole idea of taking the test is to measure your knowledge, not to get any better grades. In other words, you shouldn't be getting distracted by grades and scores that you think are important.So in conclusion, it should be pretty clear why I am saying that the sample DBQ Essay really works well for you to study hard with. It does not distract you from the real point of learning so that you can eventually go through college with great grades.

West Side Story With Romeo And Juliet Essay Example For Students

West Side Story With Romeo And Juliet Essay What would Romeo and Juliet be like if Juliet hadnt died? What if Paris killedRomeo, instead of vice versa? What if instead of occurring several centuriesago, it took place on the streets of New York City during the 1950s, with abunch of fresh-faced youths posing as street toughs and dancing and singingtheir hearts out? Well, just take a look at West Side Story, and you will haveyour answers. It is impossible for anyone familiar with both texts to not notethe obvious major similarities between the two plays. From the opening scenes inboth, up through the rumble in West Side Story/death of Mercutio in Romeo andJuliet, the plays mirror each other (Poelstra). It isnt until the last part ofWest Side Story, where Tony, our modern-day Romeo, dies and Maria, TonysJuliet, doesnt (unlike the two star-crossed lovers of Shakespeares work), thatthe major difference between the two works becomes apparent. Granted, instead oftension between feuding families, West Side Story offers prejudice betwee nraces, as illustrated between street gangs, the Jets and Sharks. Some of thecharacters in West Side Story are carbon copies of those in Romeo and Juliet:Maria (Juliet), Tony (Romeo), Bernardo (Tybalt), Lt. Schrank (Prince), and Anita(Nurse). Others appear to be a composite of characters, namely Riff, acombination of Benvolio and Mercutio, and Doc, who appears to fulfill the roleof Friar Laurence (possessed somewhat of a peacekeeping nature: Youcouldnt play basketball?, he asks, when informed of their upcomingwar council ) yet, at the same time, it is implied inthe film version, not the play that he is a pharmacist, and there was, afterall, an apothecary in Romeo and Juliet . The tomboyish Anybodys, a Jet wannabe,would best fit into the role of Balthasar (although Docs character fits intothis role marginally as well), since it was she who aided Tony in escaping afterthe rumble, which resulted in the deaths of Riff and Bernardo, as well as laterinforming the other Jets that Chino, th e Paris of the Sharks, had a gun and washunting down Tony. In the opening act of Romeo and Juliet, Sampson and Gregory,servants of Capulet, harass Balthasar and Abraham, servants to the Montagues. We will write a custom essay on West Side Story With Romeo And Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I will bite my thumb at them; which is a disgrace to them, if they bearit, boasts Sampson (I.i.48-50). In the opening scene of West Side Story,several Sharks, the Puerto Rican gang led by Bernardo, harass A-rab (notice thesimilarity in name to Abraham), a white dude, a Jet, and therefore, an enemy ofthe immigrants. In no time at all, other Jets, led by Riff, rush to A-rabsside. No words are exchanged between the gangs, since it is, after all, amusical, and they basically just jump around in exaggerated fashion. Nevertheless, the scene, like the opening of Romeo and Juliet, sets the stagefor the remainder of the production. It is here where Lt. Schrank and hisfaithful compatriot, Officer Krupke, happen on the scene to break apart apotential rumble just like Escalus, Prince of Verona, did in Romeo and Juliet:If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit ofthe peace (I.i.103-4). Or, as Schrank would phrase it, I got a hotsurprise for you: you hoodlums dont own the streets (Laurents 6). Following the altercation between the gangs, it is decided by Riff that the timehas come to take care of the Puerto Ricans once and for all, clean em upin one all-out fight! (Laurents 10). Riff will challenge them at the danceat the gym later that night. But, he wants his old pal Tony, who founded theJets with him, in as his Lieutenant (Laurents 12). So, he goes to fill in Tony,who has made a sincere effort to forsake the gang life by becoming gainfullyemployed at Docs candy store. This is where another parallel occurs: just asBenvolio talks Romeo into attending the ball at the Capulets, Riff talks Tonyinto attending the dance at the gym. Prior to the dance, a sweet-facedseventeen-year-old gal, fresh up from Puerto Rico, prepares for her first bigsocial event in America. Here, even the exact act and scene (I/iii) are the sameas in Romeo and Juliet, where Lady Capulet and the Nurse speak to Juliet of herpossible impending marriage to Paris. The dance, where Tony and Maria firstmeet, i s comparable to the Capulets ball, where Romeo and Juliet firstencounter one another. At the Capulets ball, it seems to be Romeo who fallsin love at first sight, since he spots her before she eyes him: What ladyis that, which doth enrich the hand of yonder knight? (I.v.44-5). Afterexchanging a few words, Juliet becomes smitten with the loquacious youth, yetshe doesnt reveal this until the balcony scene. Tony and Maria, on the otherhand, notice each other at the very same moment, falling head over heals inlove. Shortly thereafter, Bernardo is upon them in an icy rage (Laurents31), telling Tony to Go home, American. Bernardo then reveals thatMaria is his sister. Couldnt you see hes one of them? Bernardoasks Maria (Laurents 32). No; I saw only him, she replies. Julietsexclamation at such a revelation was much more poetic: My only love sprung frommy only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth oflove it is to me, That I must love a loathed enemy. (I.v.140-3) B ernardo ordersMaria to go home, after which he approaches Tony, who is still intoxicated bythe lingering image of his new-found love (Laurents 35). Riff sidelinesBernardo, mentioning the possibility of a rumble. They agree to meet at Docscandy store at midnight for a war council. Act Two, Scene Two, of Romeoand Juliet, better known as the balcony scene, is reflected in West Side Storyin Act One, Scene Five, or the fire escape scene. Romeo refers to Juliet asthe sun (II.ii.3), calling for her to rise . . . and kill theenvious moon (II.ii.4). During the fire escape scene, Tony and Maria singthe song Tonight: Tonight, tonight, The world is full of light, Withsuns and moons all over the place. Tonight, tonight, The world is wild andbright, Going mad, shooting sparks into space. (Laurents 42) This momentexemplifies the Shakespearean impact perhaps better than any other in West SideStory, since even the Bards imagery is swiped for use in song. Not to mention,before parting, both parties a gree to meet the following day: Romeo and Julietat the hour of nine (II.ii.169) and Tony and Maria atsundown (Laurents 44). In scene seven of Act One, Tony meets Maria at thebridal shop. Anita catches them together. You will not tell? Mariainquires. Tell what? Anita replies. How can I hear what goeson twelve feet over my head? (Laurents 76); Anita is supportive of theirlove, as is Juliets nurse, who acts as an intermediary between the younglovers. Following Anitas departure, Tony and Maria go through a mock weddingceremony, mirroring the real one Romeo and Juliet prepare to undertake, aided byFriar Laurence. Both these instances occur before true tragedy strikes. Thebeginning of act three in Romeo and Juliet features the death of Mercutio by thehand of Tybalt, who, in turn, is slain by Romeo. Likewise, the rumble under thehighway in West Side Story culminates with the deaths of Riff and Bernardo (Laurents94). In both instances, the young romantic lead tries to talk the others out of harming one another. Tony, at the entreaty of Maria, tries to stop the violentproceedings, only to be taunted by Bernardo. It doesnt take guts if youhave a battle. But we havent got one, Nardo, Tony smiles (Laurents 91). .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .postImageUrl , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:hover , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:visited , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:active { border:0!important; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:active , .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343 .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c7ad368489e4360b081892184859343:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photosynthesis EssayThe taunting escalates, despite Tonys valiant efforts, and Riff soon hauls offagainst Bernardo, just as Mercutio had drawn against Tybalt. Both episodesresult in deaths: Mercutio and Tybalt; Riff and Bernardo. Following the rumble,the similarities between West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet dwindle. Onesimilarity would be the Nurses grief for Tybalt (III.ii.61-63) paralleling thatof Anitas for Bernardo (Laurents 127), but most interesting of all would be themanner in which Romeo and Tony learn of the deaths of Juliet and Maria,respectively. In Romeo and Juliet, Balthasar delivers the news to Romeoregarding the death of Juliet: Her body sleeps in Capels monument, andher immortal part with angels lives (V.i.18-19). Romeo then approaches theApothecary: . . . let me have a dram of poison, such soon-speeding gear aswill disperse itself through all the veins that the life-weary taker may falldead . . . (V.i.59-62). Doc, likewise, is the provider of poison to Tony,for it is he who delivers the news (falsified by Anita) of Marias death, alongwith the money Tony and Maria were going to use to flee the city (Laurents 138). That was no customer upstairs, just now, Doc tells him. Thatwas Anita. (Pause) Maria is dead. Chino found out about you and her and shother. Come, cordial and not poison, go with me to Juliets grave; forthere must I use thee, speaks Romeo (V.i.85-6). Tony pursues the samemeans to an end, only he expresses it in laymans terms: Chino? Chino?Come and get me, too, Chino (Laurents 139). While roaming the streets,searching for Chino, Tony spots Maria, alive and well. Just as they are about toembrace, a shot rings out, and Tony falls via Chinos violent hand, Mariacatching him as he stumbles (Laurents 141). However, whereas Juliet, upondiscovering Romeos death, ends her life by falling upon Romeos dagger(V.iii.169). An anguished Maria doesnt end hers, although she speaks of it withChinos gun in hand, she asks, How many can I kill, Chino? How many andstill have one bullet left for me? (Laurents 143). Whereas Romeo andJuliets love was one intended to last an eternity, attaining a spiritual rea lmwith their deaths, that of Tony and Maria was restricted to the material world,ending with Tonys death and . . . forever lost (Poelstra). Even so,the relationships in both plays reflect the intolerance, misunderstanding,and mistrust that seem to be ever-present in human society. Perhaps thismakes the themes of love and fear, that abound in both plays, all the morerelevant to our modern, commercialized, technological and, to some extent, stillsegregated society, and, therefore, a more accessible vehicle for todaysaudience (Poelstra). West Side Story allows the basic elements of a story fourcenturies old to be retold in a fairly modern-day setting (after all, streetgangs are more prominent now than ever before). A retelling that has garneredits own wide audience appeal over the past four decades, showing that certaintales can stand the test of time more than once, provided the content andcontext effectively reflects the world within which it occurs. BibliographyWorks Cited Laurents, Arthur. West Side Story. (A musical, based on a conceptionof Jerome Robbins; music by Leonard Bernstein; lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.) NY:Random House, 1966. Poelstra, James. Romeo and Juliet vs. West SideStory. (17 July 97). Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. The CompleteWorks of William Shakespeare, Volume I. Ed. W. G. Clark and W. Aldis Wright. NY:Nelson Doubleday, Inc., 247-277.

How U.S Relations have Impacted and Affected Pakistani

Introduction The cold war ended in 1989 and a mutual peaceful mood engulfed the universe as all parties ushered in a new era. The Berlin Wall was dismantled and a disintegration of the Soviet Union as well as new independence for the Eastern Europe countries was witnessed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How U.S Relations have Impacted and Affected Pakistani-Indian Relations Post Cold War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was a brand new start after a volatile era that would have seen the use of weapons of mass destruction that made people live in fear. It was described as the ‘End of History’ based on the fact that the gross conflicts between nations had come to a halt. 1 This paper looks at how the United States relations have impacted and effected Pakistani – Indian relations in post cold war. The cold war brought about distrust and suspicion between the United States, India, and Pakist an but the events of post cold war have changed this relationship. The United States and India have developed closer ties courtesy of factors that are directly influenced by individual leadership, domestic leadership and structural leadership. These countries now cooperate at different levels that include diplomacy, economic development, as well as strategic development. The end of the cold war led these countries to rethink their stand against each other and they came to discover that they needed to cooperate in order to move forward. However, this has not been the case with Pakistan and India who still harbor grudges against each other to date. The United States was in support for India during the cold war and this was the main reason why it provided it with military equipment for the war. However, the US failed to get the kind of support it expected from India, which was more bent towards forging ahead, and taking part in the war independently without relying on the super power. India’s non-alignment was disputable since it was a weak country as compared to the American and Soviet Union countries. The 1970s saw India ditch the United States despite her efforts to support it and joined the Soviet Union side that seemed more successful. The Soviet Union in turn supported India and protected it from its enemies. Pakistan at this time happened to be India’s archrival due to its support for the U.S. in its endeavors. Pakistan in return got favors from the United States that included military and economic assistance.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The U.S. embarked on a non-proliferation process that was aimed at denying South Asia the use of nuclear weapons. India was deeply agitated by this move that was not only hypocritical but also discriminatory since the West had a right to the nuclear weapons. 2 The end of the cold war saw the c ollapse of the Soviet Union and the unresolved conflicts between India and Pakistan over Kashmir persisted. Around this time, India still harbored strong hatred for the United States that seemed to stand between them and their prosperity. To bridge the gap left by the Soviet Union, India decided to get into a closer relationship with the United States that was mutually beneficial as it hoped to get an upper hand over china, which was becoming powerful. To date, the U.S. has refused to accept India’s terms on the use of nuclear weapons and this is seen as a factor that would dent a progressive relationship between these two in future. India would want to test its nuclear weapons and use nuclear fuel, demands that the U.S is reluctant to meet. On the other hand, the United States has taken to supporting Pakistan reclaim her lost glory to appear among the most prosperous and stable countries of the world. This is among the impacts and effects that the U.S relations have on the P akistani – Indian relations in post cold war. The price that Pakistan has to pay is to support U.S. policies in the region and take part in the mitigation of nuclear proliferation. The U.S also hopes to end the enmity that has existed between India and Pakistan since time immemorial. The U.S – Pakistan relationship is however strained in that Pakistan has lost its trust for the U.S. it blames the U.S. for the violence that has escalated in the country in the recent past. 3 Pakistan got its independence in 1947 and continued to enjoy good relationships with the West. It was aligned with the Unites States and Britain and this led to its joining the British Commonwealth of Nations. It did not loose the Britons who headed some of its vital government branches like the military and high administration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How U.S Relations have Impacted and Affected Pakistani-Indian Relations Post Cold War specifically for you fo r only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Britain thus continued to supply Pakistan with military weapons and offered training for its troops as well. Pakistan at a point felt that it was getting a raw deal from Britain in issues that involved their archrival, India. This saw its cessation of membership from the Commonwealth in 1972 though it later rejoined in 1989. The United States regained its firm grip on Pakistan and made it a base for its military operations in South Asia. India and Pakistan went to war in 1965 and the U.S continued supporting it with military weapons. This angered India and caused their relationship to strain further and in 1971, India managed to defeat Pakistan in the civil war. The then Pakistan president, Zulfiqar Bhutto started loosing faith in the U.S. citing that it was in a position to prevent the attack by India. He thus embarked on severing ties with the United States since he felt betrayed. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan gave Pakistan US$3. 2 billion that was to cover military and economic support after 9 years of their fall out. This donation was increased to US$4.0 in 1986 and the United States continued its military and economic support for Pakistani citing that its nuclear weapons were used for peaceful purposes only. The year 1990 saw to the termination of this assistance by president George Bush as the nonproliferation agenda gained ground. Once again, Pakistan, just like India felt betrayed and discriminated upon by the U.S. and vowed to keep its nuclear weapons. 4 As the cold war came to a close, the United States lost interest in Pakistan and embarked on working out a relationship with India. This was followed by sanctions in 1990 against Pakistan to loose its nuclear weapons that ironically had been supplied by the same U.S. government. In addition, India, in the eyes of the U.S government had a greater potential for commercial, political, and strategic terms as compared to Pakistan. The then U.S. president, Bill Clinton initiated negotiations with India and this further widened the gap between Pakistan and India as Pakistan felt sidelined. 5Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regardless of all this, India and Pakistan went ahead to test their nuclear weapons and the U.S did not have a choice but to lift the sanctions in 1998. In a twist of events, the U.S. renewed its interest in Pakistan as it yearned its help in combating the antiterrorist war against Afghanistan. Bearing in mind the love-hate relationship that existed between the U.S and Pakistan, the move to renew the relationship was not taken kindly. The U.S. efforts to offer it military and economic assistance was rejected and termed as â€Å"peanuts† and in order to win it back, the aid had to be increased. The U.S. did not have a choice and soon succumbed to Pakistan’s demands and increased the aid to $3.2 billions. By doing so, it could now count on Pakistan’s support in conquering Afghanistan in the nuclear weapon’s war. 6 In 1988, Moscow withdrew its troops from Afghanistan and Pakistan was thrown out in the cold by the U.S. since she was no longer important to the ir strategies. This situation did not last long since in 2001, the U.S embarked on a war against the Taliban and Al Qaeda and as usual charmed Pakistan into a relationship for convenience purposes. The U.S. needed the support of both India and Pakistan to meet its objectives. It needed India to fight the â€Å"China Threat† and Pakistan for the fight against terrorism in Afghanistan. It therefore had to work out a harmonious relationship between these two rival countries if it was to succeed. A conference to discuss nuclear weapons was suggested by Pakistan in 1991 but India declined to attend. Its main reasons were that Pakistan would renew its relationship with the U.S and India felt threatened. In addition, India felt that the nuclear weapons fight was not a South Asia thing but a global thing the U.S sought to distance itself from. India felt that to beat china, which was coming up fast, it needed its nuclear weapons. More so, it felt that Pakistan would agree to give up its nuclear weapons in exchange for favors that included diplomatic victory and this would single India out as the only country that had illegal access to nuclear weapons. This would have put it at the center of military action in the war against possession of nuclear weapons. 7 The nuclear weapons war has brought about grievous disputes between India, Pakistan, and Kashmir even in post-cold war. There has also been a boundary dispute for about 50 years with Kashmir though a peaceful resolution is being sought. The presidents of Pakistan and India even met to resolve the issue though the progress has been minimal judging from the past bitter relationship the two countries have been through. Kashmir, which is located in northwest India, has brought about a major conflict between India and Pakistan since the World War II ended. India and Pakistan were meant to be one country if Mahatma Gandhi’s wishes were followed though this was not to be. Religious differences led to the spl it where India was predominantly Hindu and Pakistan Muslim. The Kashmir area issues that was predominantly Muslim were left unresolved though two months later; India was given control over it. Pakistan was not happy with the decision and this erupted into a war between the two countries. Ceasefire was called in 1949 by the United Nations and the Kashmir territory was divided between India and Pakistan. This saw Pakistan take a third of it while the rest went to the Indian government. 8 Despite this division, India went ahead and took control over the whole of Kashmir in 1956 and this only resulted into another war with Pakistan. Most terrorist activities headed by Al Qaeda have been reported in Kashmir that is next to Afghanistan. Pakistan is in full support of these activities since it claims the Kashmir territory. This has promoted the terrorist network that the U.S. has been fighting hard and this war is now termed as â€Å"Jihad† and this has pushed matters to their worst . The region is seen to promote terrorism since it hosts the Al Qaeda groups and acts as an escape for many of its leaders such as Osama Bin Laden. 9 The United States has been fighting a hard battle with Pakistan and India as it tries to come up with good relations that will brush all the differences these two countries have aside. President Obama’s recent visit to India is a clear indication that the United States has got over its ugly past with India and seeks to turn over a new page where the two countries will be able to cooperate. This is a delicate issue though bearing in mind that Pakistan has been the U.S puppet during and after the cold war and thus India distrusts it. The border fight between the two countries over Kashmir notwithstanding. The U.S relations with these two countries is focused on reconciliating them with the aim of fighting transnational terrorism that has taken root in Kashmir. This makes these relations even more sensitive and if the U.S is to con tinue enjoying the good relations it has embarked on, there is a great need to tackle the problems that come with their rivalry first. Otherwise, if this does not happen, this will be a losing battle since peace will be elusive and instability will settle in. The U.S therefore has to be hands-on on the case of Kashmir and attempt to resolve the underlying differences between Pakistan and India. 10 Conclusion The U.S is at the center of the conflict between India and Pakistan as evidenced by this paper that focuses on how U.S relations have impacted and effected Pakistani – Indian relations in post cold war. . It has repeatedly supported Pakistan against other countries in the Soviet Union for its personal interests. It has been picking and dropping it at will and it is a pity that this comes up as a major cause of the post cold war unrest witnessed in these two South Asian countries. It is evident that U.S relations have impacted negatively on Pakistan and India. For the U.S to drop Pakistan in favor of India is seen as adoption of double standards where despite Pakistan remaining loyal, the U.S uses it for its convenience in anti-terrorism wars. No wonder the two countries have remained at logger heads even in the Kashmir’s case and appear adamant to subscribe to the cessation call of nuclear weapons. The war against terrorism will therefore remain a dream if the U.S retains the same kind of relationship with Pakistan. At the same time, the U.S may have succeeded in forming better ties with India but their varied stance on nuclear weapons could derail the progress since the goodwill generated could evaporate. Bibliography Chou, David. â€Å"U.S Policy toward India and Pakistan in the post-cold war era.† Tamkang  Journal of International Affairs 27 (2003):1-30. Fair, Christine. â€Å"Time for sober realism: Renegotiating U.S. Relations with Pakistan.†Ã‚  The Washington Quarterly, 10 August 2009, A32. Ganguly, Sumit. â€Å"The Kas hmir Conundrum.† Foreign Affairs 80 (2005): 40-45. Kapur, Paul and Ganguly, Sumit. â€Å"The transformation of U.S. – India Relations. An explanation for the rapprochement and prospects for the future.† Asian Survey  47(2007): 642-656. Keen, Emily. â€Å"India, Pakistan and Kashmir. What have been the recent developments in the dispute between India and Pakistan regarding Kashmir?† Batch News, 5 Sept 2004, A10. Kronstadt, Alan. â€Å"Pakistan – U.S. Relations.† CRS Report for Congress, 33 (2008): 4-9. Web. Laquer, Walter. â€Å"After the cold war. The euphoria did not last.† America Government,  5(2006): 2-3. Pant, Harsh. â€Å"Pakistan and Iran’s dysfunctional relationship.† Middle East Quarterly,  4 July 2009, A16. Rizvi, Hasan-Askari. â€Å"Analysis: Critical issues in India – U.S. Relations,† Daily Times, A  new voice for a new Pakistan, 7 Nov 07 2010, E2. U.S Library of Congress. â€Å"The Unit ed States – Pakistan.† Country Studies 1(2006): 1-3. Footnotes 1 Walter Laquer, â€Å"After the cold war. The euphoria did not last.† America Government 5 (2006): 2-3. 2 Paul Kapur and Sumit Ganguly, â€Å"The transformation of U.S. – India Relations. An explanation for the rapprochement and prospects for the future.† Asian Survey 47(2007):642-656. 3 Christine Fair, â€Å"Time for sober realism: Renegotiating U.S. Relations with Pakistan,† The Washington Quarterly, 10 August 2009, A32. 4 U.S Library of Congress, â€Å"The United States – Pakistan.† Country Studies 1(2006): 1-3. 5 Harsh Pant, â€Å"Pakistan and Iran’s dysfunctional relationship.† Middle East Quarterly, 4 July 2009, A16. 6 Alan Kronstadt, â€Å"Pakistan – U.S. Relations,† CRS Report for Congress 33 (2008), 4-9. 7 David Chou, â€Å"U.S Policy toward India and Pakistan in the post-cold war era.† Tamkang Journal of International Aff airs 27 (2003):1-30. 8 Sumit Ganguly, â€Å"The Kashmir Conundrum.† Foreign Affairs 80 (2005): 40-45. 9 Emily Keen, â€Å"India, Pakistan and Kashmir. What have been the recent developments in the dispute between India and Pakistan regarding Kashmir?† Batch News, 5 Sept 2004, A10. 10 â€Å"Hasan-Askari Rizvi. Analysis: Critical issues in India – U.S. Relations,† Daily Times, A new voice for a new Pakistan, 7 Nov 07 2010, E2. This essay on How U.S Relations have Impacted and Affected Pakistani-Indian Relations Post Cold War was written and submitted by user Brooke C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.